{"id":241,"date":"2016-05-22T18:22:36","date_gmt":"2016-05-22T15:22:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/?page_id=241"},"modified":"2026-10-16T20:19:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T17:19:01","slug":"kaynak-isi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/kaynak-isi\/","title":{"rendered":"Source Heat"},"content":{"rendered":"<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Bricolage+Grotesque:opsz,wght@12..96,500..800&#038;family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500&#038;family=IBM+Plex+Sans:wght@400;500;600&#038;display=swap\">\n<style>\n#px{--paper:#F4F4F8;--surface:#fff;--ink:#16182B;--ink-2:#3A3D57;--muted:#62657C;--line:#DCDDE7;--tech:#2B2E7E;--tech-soft:#E9EAF6;--hot:#D9580F;--hot-soft:#FCEEE4;--bio:#1E7F68;--bio-soft:#E2F2EC;--cold:#2563B8;--f-display:\"Bricolage Grotesque\",\"Segoe UI\",system-ui,sans-serif;--f-body:\"IBM Plex Sans\",\"Segoe UI\",system-ui,sans-serif;--f-mono:\"IBM Plex 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class=\"bhero\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"label\">Media \u00b7 source heat \u00b7 heat pump<\/p>\n<h1>Source heat: <em>the lower, the better.<\/em><\/h1>\n<p class=\"lead\">Buildings are better insulated every year and need less heat. Less heat means lower water temperature. And low water temperature is where a heat pump works most efficiently. The future lies where the source water drops almost to room temperature.<\/p>\n<div class=\"actions\"><a class=\"btn btn-bio\" href=\"#saglama\">See the calculation \u2192<\/a><a class=\"btn btn-line\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/bioiklim\/\">Bioiklim system<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"stats\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b class=\"h\">35\/30<small>\u00b0C<\/small><\/b><span>Winter \u00b7 flow\/return water<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b class=\"c\">18\/21<small>\u00b0C<\/small><\/b><span>Summer \u00b7 flow\/return water, dew-point controlled<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>\u2264 29<small>\u00b0C<\/small><\/b><span>Floor surface \u00b7 EN 1264 comfort limit<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~1,8<small>times<\/small><\/b><span>heat pump efficiency at 35 \u00b0C compared with 70 \u00b0C<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec-w\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"label\">Chain of causation<\/p>\n<h2>Four links, <em>one result.<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"flow\">\n<div class=\"fcard\"><span class=\"n\">01<\/span><span class=\"code\">INSULATION<\/span><h3>The envelope improves<\/h3><p>Walls, roofs and windows let less heat escape.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fcard\"><span class=\"n\">02<\/span><span class=\"code\">DEMAND<\/span><h3>The heat load falls<\/h3><p>Less heating power is needed per square metre.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fcard\"><span class=\"n\">03<\/span><span class=\"code\">TEMPERATURE<\/span><h3>The water cools<\/h3><p>A large radiant surface gives the same comfort with low water temperature.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"fcard\"><span class=\"n\">04<\/span><span class=\"code\">COP<\/span><h3>Efficiency rises<\/h3><p>The heat pump moves more heat with less electricity.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section><div class=\"wrap split\"><div>\n<p class=\"label hot\">Data evidence \u00b7 1970\u20132010<\/p>\n<h2>Source temperature <em>has approached floor temperature.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">In radiator systems, boiler water fell only from 90 \u00b0C to 70 \u00b0C in forty years. In underfloor heating (ISIYER), over the same period it fell from 60 \u00b0C to 30 \u00b0C: the water temperature became almost equal to the floor temperature.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"checks\"><li>Radiator: small surface, high temperature required<\/li><li>Underfloor heating: large surface, low temperature is enough<\/li><li>The floor surface stays below the 29 \u00b0C comfort limit<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"chart\">\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i style=\"background:#9A1B4A\"><\/i>Radiator<\/span><span><i style=\"background:#D9580F\"><\/i>ISIYER \u00b7 underfloor heating<\/span><span><i style=\"background:#1E7F68;height:2px;width:14px;vertical-align:3px\"><\/i>29 \u00b0C floor limit<\/span><\/div>\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 520 320\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Boiler water temperature from 1970 to 2010: radiator 90, 90, 70, 70; underfloor heating 60, 50, 40, 30 degrees\">\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#62657C\">\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"20\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"20\" stroke=\"#EEEEF4\"\/><text x=\"40\" y=\"24\" text-anchor=\"end\">100<\/text>\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"74\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"74\" stroke=\"#EEEEF4\"\/><text x=\"40\" y=\"78\" text-anchor=\"end\">75<\/text>\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"128\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"128\" stroke=\"#EEEEF4\"\/><text x=\"40\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"end\">50<\/text>\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"182\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"182\" stroke=\"#EEEEF4\"\/><text x=\"40\" y=\"186\" text-anchor=\"end\">25<\/text>\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"236\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"236\" stroke=\"#DCDDE7\"\/><text x=\"40\" y=\"240\" text-anchor=\"end\">0<\/text>\n<line x1=\"48\" y1=\"173.4\" x2=\"510\" y2=\"173.4\" stroke=\"#1E7F68\" stroke-dasharray=\"5 4\"\/>\n<text x=\"14\" y=\"128\" transform=\"rotate(-90 14 128)\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Boiler water \u00b7 \u00b0C<\/text>\n<\/g>\n<g>\n<rect x=\"72\" y=\"41.6\" width=\"40\" height=\"194.4\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#9A1B4A\"\/><rect x=\"116\" y=\"106.4\" width=\"40\" height=\"129.6\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#D9580F\"\/>\n<rect x=\"186\" y=\"41.6\" width=\"40\" height=\"194.4\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#9A1B4A\"\/><rect x=\"230\" y=\"128\" width=\"40\" height=\"108\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#D9580F\"\/>\n<rect x=\"300\" y=\"84.8\" width=\"40\" height=\"151.2\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#9A1B4A\"\/><rect x=\"344\" y=\"149.6\" width=\"40\" height=\"86.4\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#D9580F\"\/>\n<rect x=\"414\" y=\"84.8\" width=\"40\" height=\"151.2\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#9A1B4A\"\/><rect x=\"458\" y=\"171.2\" width=\"40\" height=\"64.8\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#D9580F\"\/>\n<\/g>\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#16182B\" font-weight=\"500\">\n<text x=\"92\" y=\"36\">90<\/text><text x=\"136\" y=\"101\">60<\/text><text x=\"206\" y=\"36\">90<\/text><text x=\"250\" y=\"123\">50<\/text>\n<text x=\"320\" y=\"80\">70<\/text><text x=\"364\" y=\"145\">40<\/text><text x=\"434\" y=\"80\">70<\/text><text x=\"478\" y=\"166\">30<\/text>\n<\/g>\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#3A3D57\">\n<text x=\"114\" y=\"258\">1970<\/text><text x=\"228\" y=\"258\">1990<\/text><text x=\"342\" y=\"258\">2000<\/text><text x=\"456\" y=\"258\">2010<\/text>\n<\/g>\n<path d=\"M136 106 L250 128 L364 150 L478 171\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#16182B\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-dasharray=\"2 4\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption>Source: PEXa \/ ISIYER field archive \u00b7 typical design values<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure><\/div><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec-w\" id=\"saglama\"><div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"label\">Cross-check \u00b7 the Carnot limit<\/p>\n<h2>Why low temperature? <em>That is what physics says.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">The theoretical maximum efficiency of a heat pump depends on how high it \u201cpumps\u201d the heat. The lower the target temperature, the more heat is moved with the same electricity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"formula\" aria-label=\"Carnot COP equals T hot divided by T hot minus T cold\"><span class=\"k n\">COP<\/span><span class=\"eq\">=<\/span><span class=\"k p\">T<sub>hot<\/sub><\/span><span class=\"eq\">\u00f7<\/span><span class=\"k\">(T<sub>hot<\/sub> \u2212 T<sub>cold<\/sub>)<\/span><\/div>\n<table class=\"cop\"><thead><tr><th>Flow water<\/th><th>System<\/th><th>Carnot COP<\/th><th>Realistic COP*<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td><b>70 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td><td>Old radiator<\/td><td>4,9<\/td><td>\u2248 2.2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><b>55 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td><td>New radiator<\/td><td>6,0<\/td><td>\u2248 2.7<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><b>45 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td><td>Fan coil \/ low-temperature radiator<\/td><td>7,1<\/td><td>\u2248 3.2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"best\"><td><b>35 \u00b0C<\/b><\/td><td>ISIYER \u00b7 Bioiklim<\/td><td>8,8<\/td><td>\u2248 4.0<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<p class=\"note\">* Assuming outdoor air at 0 \u00b0C (273.15 K); real devices reach about 45% of the Carnot limit. Result: a heat pump running at 35 \u00b0C uses about 1.8 times less electricity for the same heat than one running at 70 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section><div class=\"wrap split\">\n<figure class=\"chart\">\n<svg viewbox=\"0 0 520 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Heat pump cycle: the evaporator takes heat from the outdoor air, the compressor compresses it, the condenser releases heat into the floor, the expansion valve lowers the pressure\">\n<defs><marker id=\"ar\" viewbox=\"0 0 10 10\" refx=\"8\" refy=\"5\" markerwidth=\"7\" markerheight=\"7\" orient=\"auto-start-reverse\"><path d=\"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z\" fill=\"#16182B\"\/><\/marker><\/defs>\n<path d=\"M130 110 V70 H226\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2563B8\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M294 70 H390 V110\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#D9580F\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M390 230 V270 H280\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#D9580F\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M240 270 H130 V230\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2563B8\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<rect x=\"96\" y=\"110\" width=\"68\" height=\"120\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#E4EEFA\" stroke=\"#2563B8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n<path d=\"M108 130 h44 M108 150 h44 M108 170 h44 M108 190 h44 M108 210 h44\" stroke=\"#2563B8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n<rect x=\"356\" y=\"110\" width=\"68\" height=\"120\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#FCEEE4\" stroke=\"#D9580F\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n<path d=\"M368 130 h44 M368 150 h44 M368 170 h44 M368 190 h44 M368 210 h44\" stroke=\"#D9580F\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\n<circle cx=\"260\" cy=\"70\" r=\"34\" fill=\"#16182B\"\/><path d=\"M244 82 L276 58 M244 58 L276 82\" stroke=\"#fff\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>\n<path d=\"M240 255 L280 285 L280 255 L240 285 Z\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#16182B\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>\n<line x1=\"20\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"88\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#16182B\" stroke-width=\"2\" marker-end=\"url(#ar)\"\/>\n<line x1=\"432\" y1=\"170\" x2=\"500\" y2=\"170\" stroke=\"#16182B\" stroke-width=\"2\" marker-end=\"url(#ar)\"\/>\n<line x1=\"260\" y1=\"8\" x2=\"260\" y2=\"32\" stroke=\"#16182B\" stroke-width=\"2\" marker-end=\"url(#ar)\"\/>\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#16182B\"><text x=\"20\" y=\"160\">Q outdoor air<\/text><text x=\"436\" y=\"160\">Q floor<\/text><text x=\"272\" y=\"22\">W electricity<\/text><\/g>\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Sans,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#16182B\"><text x=\"88\" y=\"124\" text-anchor=\"end\">Evaporator<\/text><text x=\"432\" y=\"124\" text-anchor=\"start\">Condenser<\/text><text x=\"260\" y=\"122\">Compressor<\/text><text x=\"260\" y=\"310\">Expansion valve<\/text><\/g>\n<g font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono,monospace\" font-size=\"11\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"#62657C\"><text x=\"88\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"end\">low pressure<\/text><text x=\"432\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"start\">high pressure<\/text><text x=\"260\" y=\"330\">Q floor = Q outdoor air + W electricity<\/text><\/g>\n<\/svg>\n<figcaption>Heat pump cycle \u00b7 winter mode \u00b7 schematic<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<div>\n<p class=\"label tech\">The most important device \u00b7 the heat pump<\/p>\n<h2>It does not produce heat, <em>it moves it.<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"lead\">A heat pump collects heat from the outdoor air with a refrigerant, raises its temperature with a compressor and releases it into the floor. The electricity used is only part of the heat moved. In summer the same device reverses the cycle and moves the home&#8217;s heat outside.<\/p>\n<div class=\"modes\"><div class=\"mode w\"><span class=\"t\">Winter \u00b7 heating<\/span><b>35\/30 \u00b0C<\/b><p>Flow\/return water; floor surface \u2264 29 \u00b0C<\/p><\/div><div class=\"mode s\"><span class=\"t\">Summer \u00b7 cooling<\/span><b>18\/21 \u00b0C<\/b><p>Flow\/return water; a dew-point sensor prevents condensation<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"uponor\"><h4>Dew-point control<\/h4><p>A humidity sensor continuously measures the dew point in the room. The water temperature never drops below this value, so no condensation forms on the ceiling or floor.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-top:0\"><div class=\"wrap\"><div class=\"cta-box\">\n<div><h2>Let&#8217;s build the future today.<\/h2><p>Low-temperature radiant systems and heat pumps: let&#8217;s design them together for a new building or a conversion.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"actions\"><a class=\"btn btn-hot\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/iletisim\/#form\">Request a quote<\/a><a class=\"btn btn-line\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/bioiklim\/\">Bioiklim<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Medya \u00b7 kaynak \u0131s\u0131 \u00b7 \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 Kaynak \u0131s\u0131: ne kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse o kadar iyi. Binalar her y\u0131l daha iyi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2034,"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/241\/revisions\/2034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pexa.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}